Tag: linux

Running new hardware on Ubuntu LTS? The HWE kernel backports newer kernel and graphics support. Here's how to switch from generic to HWE safely.

Write bash scripts that don't silently fail — set -euo pipefail, error handling, input validation, and logging patterns for production scripts.

What is lost+found and why does it exist? fsck puts recovered file fragments there after a crash — and no, you can't delete it.

AV vs EDR — traditional antivirus signatures vs behavioral endpoint detection. What each catches, what it misses, and what you actually need.

Packages have been kept back during apt upgrade — what it means, why it happens, and how to safely install or hold those packages.

UFW makes iptables manageable — allow and deny rules, app profiles, default policies, and the 5-minute setup for any new Linux server.

ulimit and cgroups v2: set per-process CPU, memory, and file limits, use systemd slice controls, and keep one runaway service from killing your server.

Containers share the kernel; VMs have their own. Understand the isolation trade-offs, overhead differences, and when to use which.

Decode the postgresql:// connection string — host, port, database, SSL mode, and the gotchas that cause connection refused at deploy time.

echo is convenient but inconsistent across systems; printf is portable and precise — know when to use each and avoid the gotchas.

LXC/LXD runs full Linux environments in lightweight containers — faster to spin up than VMs and perfect for home lab service isolation.

Update one package with apt without upgrading everything else — the exact flag, version pinning, held package handling, and the apt vs apt-get distinction that trips people up.